最新知乎滑动验证码问题

Question

知乎现在已经是滑动验证码，而且只有滑块图和带缺口图，在网上找到了一些方法，
只用用滑块图和缺口背景图也可以计算出滑动距离和滑动轨迹，
主要也是用的第三方的图像处理模块来进行识别比如numpy和opencv-python，
他把它做成了一个slideVerfication类，
然后在主方法中调用这个类。
具体在这两个链接中

链接1：完整的源码
https://www.cnblogs.com/shouhu/p/12761937.html

链接2：主要的说明，注释 + 部分代码
https://cloud.tencent.com/developer/article/1737736

遇到的问题：
我将他的slideVerfication类中的这个方法
def onload_save_img(self, url, filename=“image.png”):
""“
下载图片保存
:param url:图片地址
:param filename: 保存的图片名
:return:
”""
try:
response = requests.get(url=url)
except(requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout, requests.exceptions.ConnectionError)as e:
print(“图片下载失败”)
raise e
else:
with open(filename, “wb”) as f:
f.write(response.content)

修改一下加到，自己按照你视频5-6，5-7 selenium自动识别验证码完成模拟登录思路，尝试改成滑动验证码的方式
结果遇到滑块图和缺口背景图无法下载
自己写的知乎爬虫文件模拟登录部分（还没写完。。。。），
代码：

import scrapy
import time

import pickle
import requests
import cv2
import numpy
from mouse import move,click
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.options import Options
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys


class ZhihuSpider(scrapy.Spider):
    name = 'zhihu'
    allowed_domains = ['www.zhihu.com/signin']
    start_urls = ['https://www.zhihu.com/signin']

    def parse(self, response):
        pass
        
    def start_requests(self):
        chrome_option = Options()
        chrome_option.add_argument("--disable-extensions")
        chrome_option.add_experimental_option("debuggerAddress","127.0.0.1:9222")
        browser = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path="D:/pythonProject/chromedriver.exe",chrome_options=chrome_option)
        try:
            browser.maximize_window()
        except:
            pass
            
        browser.get("https://www.zhihu.com/signin")
        # 账号 + 密码 方式(鼠标移动，点击)
        time.sleep(2)
        move(921, 348)
        click()
        time.sleep(2)
        # 在输入账号密码，通过“control+a”覆盖浏览器自动填充的内容
        browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.SignFlow-account input').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + "a")
        time.sleep(5)
        browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.SignFlow-account input').send_keys("13721093306")
        browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.SignFlow-password input').send_keys(Keys.CONTROL + "a")
        time.sleep(5)
        browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.SignFlow-password input').send_keys("xxxxx")
        # browser.find_element_by_xpath('//lable[@class="SignFlow-accountInput Input-wrapper"]/input').send_keys("13721093306")
        # browser.find_element_by_xpath('//lable[@class="Input-wrapper"]/input').send_keys("xxxxx")
        # 点击登录
        time.sleep(2)
        # move(959,564)
        # click()
        browser.find_element_by_css_selector('.Button.SignFlow-submitButton').click()
        time.sleep(10)
        
        # 模拟滑动验证
        # 切换到滑动验证码的iframe中
        tcaptcha = browser.find_element_by_id("tcaptcha_iframe")
        browser.switch_to.frame(tcaptcha)
        # 获取滑动相关的元素
        # 选择拖动滑块的节点
        slide_element = browser.find_element_by_id('tcaptcha_drag_thumb')
        # 获取滑块图片的节点  68 * 68 （intrinsic : 136 * 136）
        slideBlock_ele = browser.find_element_by_id('slideBlock')
        # 获取缺口背景图片节点
        slideBg = browser.find_element_by_id('slideBg')

		# 获取验证码的图片
        slider_url = "https://t.captcha.qq.com" + slideBlock_ele.get_attribute("src")
        background_url = "https://t.captcha.qq.com" + slideBg.get_attribute("src")
        
        # =================下面的保存图片在这个start_requests(self):方法要怎么实现呢？======================
        
        #  =================下面的保存图片在这个start_requests(self):方法要怎么实现呢？======================
        
        #  =================下面的保存图片在这个start_requests(self):方法要怎么实现呢？======================
		# 下载验证码背景图,滑动图片
        slider = "slider.jpg"
        background = "background.jpg"
        try:
            response = requests.get(url=slider_url)
        except(requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout, requests.exceptions.ConnectionError)as e:
            print("图片下载失败")
            raise e
        else:
            with open(slider, "wb") as f:
                f.write(response.content)
		
        try:
            response = requests.get(url=background_url)
        except(requests.exceptions.ConnectTimeout, requests.exceptions.ConnectionError)as e:
            print("图片下载失败")
            raise e
        else:
            with open(background, "wb") as f:
                f.write(response.content)
        #======================================================================================================

		# 读取进行色度图片，转换为numpy中的数组类型数据，
        slider_pic = cv2.imread(slider, 0)
        background_pic = cv2.imread(background, 0)
        # 获取缺口图数组的形状 -- 缺口图的宽和高
        width, height = slider_pic.shape[::-1]
        # 将处理之后的图片另存
        slider01 = "slider01.jpg"
        background_01 = "background01.jpg"
        cv2.imwrite(background_01, background_pic)
        cv2.imwrite(slider01, slider_pic)

        # 读取另存的滑块图
        slider_pic = cv2.imread(slider01)
        # 进行色彩转换
        slider_pic = cv2.cvtColor(slider_pic, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
        # 获取色差的绝对值
        slider_pic = abs(255 - slider_pic)
        # 保存图片
        cv2.imwrite(slider01, slider_pic)

        # 读取滑块
        slider_pic = cv2.imread(slider01)
        # 读取背景图
        background_pic = cv2.imread(background_01)
        # 比较两张图的重叠区域
        result = cv2.matchTemplate(slider_pic, background_pic, cv2.TM_CCOEFF_NORMED)
        # 获取图片的缺口位置
        top, left = numpy.unravel_index(result.argmax(), result.shape)
        # 背景图中的图片缺口坐标位置
        print("当前滑块的缺口位置：", (left, top, left + width, top + height))

报错信息：

D:\pythonProject\venv\Scripts\python.exe D:/pythonProject/ArticleSpider/main.py
图片下载失败
Unhandled error in Deferred:
2021-02-28 16:59:30 [twisted] CRITICAL: Unhandled error in Deferred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 192, in crawl
    return self._crawl(crawler, *args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 196, in _crawl
    d = crawler.crawl(*args, **kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1613, in unwindGenerator
    return _cancellableInlineCallbacks(gen)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1529, in _cancellableInlineCallbacks
    _inlineCallbacks(None, g, status)
--- <exception caught here> ---
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1418, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = g.send(result)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 88, in crawl
    start_requests = iter(self.spider.start_requests())
  File "D:\pythonProject\ArticleSpider\ArticleSpider\spiders\zhihu.py", line 129, in start_requests
    raise e
  File "D:\pythonProject\ArticleSpider\ArticleSpider\spiders\zhihu.py", line 126, in start_requests
    response = requests.get(url=slider_url)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 76, in get
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 61, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 542, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 655, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 516, in send
    raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='t.captcha.qq.comhttps', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: //t.captcha.qq.com/hycdn?index=2&image=937148127155333120?aid=2012031314&sess=s0ZaB1N45S-To0MBjJuCousb2-WZQpI3Yw72hfgtzmSfOf6kDz5XCfl9I2SWqsg1L6REZDHI1lfP0uYLXY3MoGyN6XOYF2B90XRBOwUrC1_9D-119Z9HwefhG1sAzKxAzU7Ml0vQZ9X_uFcFPq7IaOoHHkhER7xVA6O62joLi_1woP0k-Gir1a95DTHMf4-I2HfwctAcbVTgKWR8K7bmeNCuB9rEaJ7h89QbigdLUcPT7CbaNqcOIcIw**&sid=6771715379983822849&img_index=2&subsid=4 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000001942BAE9B88>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed'))

2021-02-28 16:59:30 [twisted] CRITICAL: 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 170, in _new_conn
    (self._dns_host, self.port), self.timeout, **extra_kw
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\connection.py", line 73, in create_connection
    for res in socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, socket.SOCK_STREAM):
  File "D:\Python\lib\socket.py", line 748, in getaddrinfo
    for res in _socket.getaddrinfo(host, port, family, type, proto, flags):
socket.gaierror: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 706, in urlopen
    chunked=chunked,
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 382, in _make_request
    self._validate_conn(conn)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 1010, in _validate_conn
    conn.connect()
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 353, in connect
    conn = self._new_conn()
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connection.py", line 182, in _new_conn
    self, "Failed to establish a new connection: %s" % e
urllib3.exceptions.NewConnectionError: <urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000001942BAE9B88>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 449, in send
    timeout=timeout
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\connectionpool.py", line 756, in urlopen
    method, url, error=e, _pool=self, _stacktrace=sys.exc_info()[2]
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\urllib3\util\retry.py", line 573, in increment
    raise MaxRetryError(_pool, url, error or ResponseError(cause))
urllib3.exceptions.MaxRetryError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='t.captcha.qq.comhttps', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: //t.captcha.qq.com/hycdn?index=2&image=937148127155333120?aid=2012031314&sess=s0ZaB1N45S-To0MBjJuCousb2-WZQpI3Yw72hfgtzmSfOf6kDz5XCfl9I2SWqsg1L6REZDHI1lfP0uYLXY3MoGyN6XOYF2B90XRBOwUrC1_9D-119Z9HwefhG1sAzKxAzU7Ml0vQZ9X_uFcFPq7IaOoHHkhER7xVA6O62joLi_1woP0k-Gir1a95DTHMf4-I2HfwctAcbVTgKWR8K7bmeNCuB9rEaJ7h89QbigdLUcPT7CbaNqcOIcIw**&sid=6771715379983822849&img_index=2&subsid=4 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000001942BAE9B88>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed'))

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1418, in _inlineCallbacks
    result = g.send(result)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\scrapy\crawler.py", line 88, in crawl
    start_requests = iter(self.spider.start_requests())
  File "D:\pythonProject\ArticleSpider\ArticleSpider\spiders\zhihu.py", line 129, in start_requests
    raise e
  File "D:\pythonProject\ArticleSpider\ArticleSpider\spiders\zhihu.py", line 126, in start_requests
    response = requests.get(url=slider_url)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 76, in get
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\api.py", line 61, in request
    return session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 542, in request
    resp = self.send(prep, **send_kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\sessions.py", line 655, in send
    r = adapter.send(request, **kwargs)
  File "D:\pythonProject\venv\lib\site-packages\requests\adapters.py", line 516, in send
    raise ConnectionError(e, request=request)
requests.exceptions.ConnectionError: HTTPSConnectionPool(host='t.captcha.qq.comhttps', port=443): Max retries exceeded with url: //t.captcha.qq.com/hycdn?index=2&image=937148127155333120?aid=2012031314&sess=s0ZaB1N45S-To0MBjJuCousb2-WZQpI3Yw72hfgtzmSfOf6kDz5XCfl9I2SWqsg1L6REZDHI1lfP0uYLXY3MoGyN6XOYF2B90XRBOwUrC1_9D-119Z9HwefhG1sAzKxAzU7Ml0vQZ9X_uFcFPq7IaOoHHkhER7xVA6O62joLi_1woP0k-Gir1a95DTHMf4-I2HfwctAcbVTgKWR8K7bmeNCuB9rEaJ7h89QbigdLUcPT7CbaNqcOIcIw**&sid=6771715379983822849&img_index=2&subsid=4 (Caused by NewConnectionError('<urllib3.connection.HTTPSConnection object at 0x000001942BAE9B88>: Failed to establish a new connection: [Errno 11001] getaddrinfo failed'))

老师什么时候会更新下知乎的模拟登录吗？

Answer 1

bobby 2021-03-02 22:30:56

最新的破解源码我已经放在源码中了 https://git.imooc.com/coding-92/coding-92/src/master/zhihu_loger.py 这里可以看到核心源码 具体使用方法：

1. 更新了知乎登录的核心代码

2. 使用前需要使用 pip install undetected-chromedriver 安装依赖包

3. 这次解决了：

    1.  知乎试图识别chromedriver的问题（pip install undetected-chromedriver）

    2.  知乎的新验证码没有原图通过opencv识别缺口图片位置

使用过程中undetected-chromedriver 会自动下载chromerdriver，大家不用去主动下载chromedriver了，而且还能绕过识别

启动undetected-chromedriver偶尔会失败，大家多试一下就行了